The Female Athlete Paradox
It is indeed a paradox when it comes to female athletes and energy. Can on the one hand, they need to consume calories because of their extreme training intensity. On the other hand, they may feel that they eat too much compared to non-athletes, they can develop self-imposed restrictions on weight and trainer can beat team imposed weight limits. These factors can influence the behavior to the point where an athlete can develop disordered eating habits. Lori Gross describes in eating disorder and its relationship to The Female Athlete Triad. In this article, presents I treatment and nutrition strategies for eating disorders.
Treatment
The general principles for the treatment of an athlete with disordered eating symptoms (eg anorexia or bulimia) include education about the physiological and psychological effects that begin to promote> A healthy diet and control of eating behavior and emotional support for patients and their families. Mild cases of disturbed eating behavior can be treated by a GP, but a lot of time and sincere interest are required. Severe cases are best dealt with the experience in the treatment of the disease. These cases require different combinations of support, psychological counseling, nutrition and counseling.
Outpatients Addressesthe patient's fears and misunderstandings in order to eat. psychology addresses personal, family and social issues that exist. In younger patients under the supervision of parents, the parents must be involved in the treatment program. While a variety of treatments exist, no one seems to be better than the others. Important factors for the success of the treatment program, taking into account the individual needs of the patient when planning treatmentProgram and the characteristics of the patient and the disease.
If weight loss, binging or continue rinsing despite outpatient treatment, intensive treatment in hospital is required. The decision, a patient is stationary over the extent of weight loss, the inability to self-destructive eating habits, the presence of a severe electrolyte disorders, depression, family conflicts, and the patient, the lack of motivation for change control are based. Hospital must be treatedthe interplay of physician, psychiatrist, social workers, nurses and nutritionists. All staff involved should plan with the patient's treatment and individual needs. While the patient will not be admitted to an "eating disorders unit, should the hospital that the patient is treated to be oriented treatment of eating disorders.
Nutrition Strategies
Treatment of disordered eating syndrome involves the joint efforts of aDoctor and dietitian. As a rule, meet separately with the patients once a week. In anorexic patients, the dietitian deals with the effects of semi-starvation diets, energy requirements, nutrient requirements (in order of growth, when a young person to establish) and the necessary amendments to normal food habits and the restoration of normal weight. Given the lack of calories and nutrients in anorexic patients, it is not surprising to find malnutrition. Increasedoxidative stress caused by insufficient vitamin E intake, increased plasma total homocysteine by folic acid deficiency, and various other defects have been described in the scientific literature. Furthermore, reduced energy expenditure at rest, but often increases markedly in conjunction with the repatriation.
A review of recent studies have examined micronutrient status in anorexia nervosa, concluded that because of the enormous variability of the population, the cross-sectional naturethe investigations and the use of inappropriate methods to determine nutrient status reported inconsistent and sometimes contradictory conclusions. Abnormal nutritional findings in patients with anorexia nervosa are primarily a consequence of the semi-starvation. Neuroendocrine abnormalities, the extent of recovery and the phase of treatment can affect the interpretation of data. Despite the importance of nutrition rehabilitation, few controlled studies that address the clinical efficacy ofdifferent dietary treatment therapies were not performed.
In the case of anorexia nervosa, was the first nutritional strategy of setting the weight loss and improvement of nutritional status to participate. During this time, the weight can be maintained, while nutritional status is improved. Over time, the focus is toward weight gain gradually shifted from normal diet itself. Additional food or parenteral nutrition (providing nutrients through the vascular system) is not required.It must be remembered that since the anorexic patients hypometabolic rates, their energy and nutrient requirements may be quite low. So initially, can abnormally small amounts of food sufficient. Calorie requirement should be adjusted based on the measured basal metabolic rate. The first use of small amounts of healthy is therapeutic because it is the psychological needs of the patient, can correspond to the protection against weight gain. The promotion of patients consume large quantitiesShakes food or calorie products such as weight gain is counter-therapeutic at that stage. If the patient is determined less fear of gaining weight, physiologically acceptable weight goals can put on the patient's height, frame size is based and the weight of history.
In the case of bulimia nervosa, the original diet strategies for the patient to gain control over binge-eating, to encourage regular eating habits to avoid fasting, and the minimizationProbability binges. The emphasis in the early stages should be developed on the weight of stabilization, while a normal, healthy eating habits. Therapy in anorexia nervosa plans can be used to adapt for use with bulimia nervosa. The treatment plan should include an educational component about the nutritional and health consequences of bulimic behavior. After the patient has confidence in the monitoring and follow binges showed a consistent eating habits,the need for a weight loss plan can be evaluated.
Important Information for the athlete
It can result in a poor debate performance sporting helpful in the treatment of athletes with disordered eating behavior to the fact that a poor diet can lose weight and finally. The combination of low caloric intake and consequent fluid and electrolyte balance reduction reduces endurance, strength, reaction time, speed and concentration. These conditions affect athletic performance andincrease the risk of injury [4]. Moreover, the harmful physiological effects of food restriction can manifest itself in amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and possibly even death.
Prevention
To eat, the potential for disorderly, involving all the female athletes, including reducing the athlete himself, should the decisions on weight loss. The coach, sports, medicine, nutrition and staff should all agree, if weight loss is necessary, the amount ofWeight loss is required and the method. All weight loss plans are developed for an individual and a team. Eating disorders begin when they are carried athletes to weight to unrealistic targets or coaches, friends, parents, or that a negative comment on the weight of the athlete. Athletes must fashion and crash diets are not recommended, the promotion of disordered eating habits and result in unhealthy weight loss. Note that have disturbed eating patterns of psychiatric,physiological and social factors that contribute to a team approach to make the most effective treatment strategy.
References available upon request.
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